A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z
- picks up where art nouveau leaves off
- form based rooms and decorative objects
- Spread of electricity, industrialization, + transp.
- Embrace geometric + modern
- Traditional : influenced by historical
- 1919-1933
- Merger of arts +crafts school and fine arts
- Individual production in arts and crafts mode
- No history taught - start with principles
- Honesty in materials - no applied ornament
- Marriage of industrial techniques and crafts
- Believed good design could solve social problems
- Good proportions, white boxes, repeatable
- Asymmetrical layouts, flat roofs
- Modern technologies - gas stove, plumbing
Colonnade - A series of regularly spaced columns supporting an entablature and usually one side of a roof structure.
Color - The visual response to the wavelengths of sunlight identified as red, green, blue, etc.; having the physical properties of hue, intensity and value.
Color tetrad - Four colors, equally spaced on the color wheel, containing a primary and its complement and a complementary pair of intermediates. This has also come to mean any organization of color on the wheel forming a rectangle that could include a double split-‐compliment.
Color triad - Three colors spaced an equal distance apart on the color wheel forming an equilateral triangle. The twelve-‐color wheel is made up a primary triad, a secondary triad and two intermediate triads.
Column - A rigid, relatively slender structural member designed primarily to support compressive loads.
Complementary colors - Two colors directly opposite each other on the color wheel. A primary color is complementary to a secondary color, which is a mixture of the two remaining primaries.
Contrast - Opposition or juxtaposition of dissimilar elements in a composition to intensify each element’s properties and produce a more dynamic expressiveness.
Datum - Any level surface, line, or point used as a reference for the positioning or arrangement of elements in a composition.
De Stijl -
- founded 1917 Holland, Mondrian
- roots in cezanne +cubist art as well as FLW
- Reflects dutch temperment - level-headed, even and realistic
- seeks to reduce, simplify +abstract ideas of beauty
- Idea is to create universality
- Avoid all connection to past art
- Basic colors - red, blue, yellow, black white
- Balance + Proportion + Avoid symmetry
- Diagonal line conveyed too much emotion
Emphasis - Stress or prominence given to an element of a composition by means of contrast, anomaly, or counterpoint.
Ergonomics - An applied science concerned with the characteristics of people that need to be considered in the design of devices and systems in order that people and things will interact effectively and safely.
Façade - The front of a building or any of its sides facing in a public way or space, especially one distinguished by its architectural treatment.
Figure – ground - A property of perception in which there is a tendency to see parts of a visual field as a solid, well-‐defined objects standing out against a less distinct background.
Futurists -
-want to embrace technology (20th cen.)
-manifesto = everything needs to be reinvented
-crazy obsessed with speed and machinery
-tangible architecture (paper)
-many layers disappearing into huge structure
-italians (1909-1919)
-Marinetti- poetry
Harmony - The orderly, pleasing or congruent arrangement of the elements or parts in an artistic whole.
Hierarchy - A system of elements ranked, classified and organized one above another, according to importance or significance.
International Style -
- name from exhibit @ museum of modern art NYC 1932
- Dominates modern arch. For 40 yrs. in U.S.
- Expression of volume rather than mass
- Balance rather than preconceived symmetry
- Elimination of applied ornament
Massing - A unified composition of three-‐dimensional volumes.
Medium, media (pl.) - The material(s) and tool(s) used by the designer to create the visual elements perceived by the viewer.
Proportion - The comparative, proper or harmonious relation of one part to another or to the whole with respect to magnitude, quantity or degree.
Russian Constructivism -
- influenctial ideas among those trying to define modernism
- Attempt to apply abstract art principles to arch - rather than build based on traditional models
- abstract geometric shapes like functioning machine parts
- main emphasis on construction
- Combined engineering and technology
- 1919-1934
- Tatlin’s tower - spiral forms, circ, squ, tri., emphasis on materials
Steel and glass
Scale - A proportion determining the relationship of a representation to that which it represents. Also, a certain proportionated size, extent or degree usually judged in relation to some standard or point of reference.
Secondary color - A color produced by a mixture of two primary colors.
Simultaneous contrast - When two different colors come into direct contract, the contrast intensifies the difference between them.
Tectonics - The art and science of shaping, ornamenting or assembling materials in building construction.
Tension - The manifest energies and forces of the design elements as they pull or push in affecting balance or counterbalance.
Tertiary color - Color resulting from the mixture of all three primaries in different amounts or two secondary colors. Tertiary colors are characterized by the neutralization of intensity and hue. They are found on the color wheel on the inner rings of color leading to complete neutralization.
Wainscot - A facing of wood paneling, especially when covering the loser portion of an interior wall.
